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Item
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Method
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Deficiencies
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1. BRAKING EQUIPMENT
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| 1.1. Mechanical condition and operation
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1.1.1.
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Service brake pedal pivot
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
Note: Vehicles with power-assisted braking systems should be inspected with the engine switched off.
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(b)
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Excessive wear or play.
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1.1.2.
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Pedal condition and travel of the brake operating device
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
Note: Vehicles with power-assisted braking systems should be inspected with the engine switched off.
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(a)
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Excessive or insufficient reserve travel.
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(b)
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Brake control not releasing correctly.
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(c)
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Anti-slip provision on brake pedal missing, loose or worn smooth.
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1.1.3.
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Vacuum pump or compressor and reservoirs
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Visual inspection of the components at normal working pressure. Check time required for vacuum or air pressure to reach safe working value and function of warning device, multi-circuit protection valve and pressure relief valve.
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(a)
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Insufficient pressure/vacuum to give assistance for at least two brake applications after the warning device has operated (or gauge shows an unsafe reading).
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(b)
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Time taken to build up air pressure/vacuum to safe working value not in accordance with the requirements (7).
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(c)
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Multi-circuit protection valve or pressure relief valve not working.
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(d)
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Air leak causing a noticeable drop in pressure or audible air leaks.
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(e)
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External damage likely to affect the function of the braking system.
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1.1.4.
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Low pressure warning gauge or indicator
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Functional check
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Malfunctioning or defective gauge or indicator.
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1.1.5.
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Hand-operated brake control valve
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(a)
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Control cracked, damaged or excessively worn.
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(b)
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Control insecure on valve or valve insecure.
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(c)
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Loose connections or leaks in system.
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(d)
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Unsatisfactory operation.
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1.1.6.
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Parking brake activator, lever control, parking brake ratchet
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(a)
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Ratchet not holding correctly.
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(b)
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Excessive wear at lever pivot or in ratchet mechanism.
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(c)
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Excessive movement of lever indicating incorrect adjustment.
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(d)
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Activator missing, damaged or inoperative.
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(e)
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Incorrect functioning, warning indicator shows malfunction.
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1.1.7.
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Braking valves (foot valves, un-loaders, governors)
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(a)
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Valve damaged or excessive air leak.
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(b)
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Excessive oil discharge from compressor.
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(c)
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Valve insecure or inadequately mounted.
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(d)
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Hydraulic fluid discharge or leak.
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1.1.8.
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Couplings for trailer brakes (electrical and pneumatic)
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Disconnect and reconnect all braking system couplings between towing vehicle and trailer.
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(a)
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Tap or self-sealing valve defective.
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(b)
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Tap or valve insecure or inadequately mounted.
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(d)
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Incorrectly or not connected where required.
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(e)
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Not functioning correctly.
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1.1.9.
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Energy storage reservoir pressure tank
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Visual inspection.
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(a)
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Tank damaged, corroded or leaking.
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(b)
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Drain device inoperative.
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(c)
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Tank insecure or inadequately mounted.
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1.1.10.
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Brake servo units, master cylinder (hydraulic systems)
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(a)
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Defective or ineffective servo unit.
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(b)
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Master cylinder defective or leaking.
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(c)
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Master cylinder insecure.
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(d)
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Insufficient brake fluid.
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(e)
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Master cylinder reservoir cap missing.
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(f)
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Brake fluid warning light illuminated or defective.
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(g)
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Incorrect functioning of brake fluid level warning device.
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1.1.11.
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Rigid brake pipes
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(a)
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Eminent risk of failure or fracture.
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(b)
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Pipes or connections leaking.
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(c)
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Pipes damaged or excessively corroded.
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1.1.12.
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Flexible brake hoses
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(a)
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Eminent risk of failure or fracture.
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(b)
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Hoses damaged, chafing, twisted or too short.
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(c)
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Hoses or connections leaking.
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(d)
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Hoses bulging under pressure.
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1.1.13.
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Brake linings and pads
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Visual inspection.
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(a)
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Lining or pad excessively worn.
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(b)
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Lining or pad contaminated (oil, grease etc.).
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(c)
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Lining or pad missing.
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1.1.14.
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Brake drums, brake discs
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Visual inspection.
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(a)
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Drum or disc excessively worn, corroded or scored or cracked, insecure or fractured.
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(b)
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Drum or disc contaminated (oil, grease, etc.).
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(c)
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Drum or disc missing.
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1.1.15.
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Brake cables, rods, levers, linkages
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(a)
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Cable damaged or knotted.
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(b)
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Component excessively worn or corroded.
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(c)
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Cable, rod or joint insecure.
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(d)
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Cable guide defective.
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(e)
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Restriction to free movement of the braking system.
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(f)
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Abnormal movement of the levers/linkage indicating maladjustment or excessive wear.
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1.1.16.
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Brake actuators (including spring brakes or hydraulic cylinders)
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(a)
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Actuator cracked or damaged.
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(c)
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Actuator insecure or inadequately mounted.
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(d)
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Actuator excessively corroded.
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(e)
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Insufficient or excessive travel of operating piston or diaphragm mechanism.
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(f)
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Dust cover missing or excessively damaged.
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1.1.17.
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Load sensing valve
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Visual inspection of the components while the braking system is operated.
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(b)
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Linkage incorrectly adjusted.
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(c)
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Valve seized or inoperative.
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(f)
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Data illegible or not in accordance with requirements (7)
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1.1.18.
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Slack adjusters and indicators
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Visual inspection.
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(a)
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Adjuster damaged, seized or having abnormal movement, excessive wear or incorrect adjustment.
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(c)
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Incorrectly installed or replaced.
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1.1.19.
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Endurance braking system (where fitted or required)
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Visual inspection.
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(a)
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Insecure connectors or mountings.
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(b)
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System obviously defective or missing.
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1.1.20.
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Automatic operation of trailer brakes
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Disconnect brake coupling between towing vehicle and trailer.
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Trailer brake does not apply automatically when coupling disconnected.
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1.1.21.
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Complete braking system
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Visual inspection.
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(a)
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Other system devices (e.g. anti-freeze pump, air dryer, etc.) damaged externally or excessively corroded in a way that adversely affects the braking system.
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(b)
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Excessive leakage of air or anti-freeze.
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(c)
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Any component insecure or inadequately mounted.
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(d)
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Inappropriate repair or modification to any component.
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1.1.22.
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Test connections (where fitted or required)
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Visual inspection.
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(b)
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Damaged, unusable or leaking.
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| 1.2. Service braking performance and efficiency
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Test on a static brake testing machine; apply the brakes progressively up to maximum effort.
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(a)
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Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels.
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(b)
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Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle.
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(c)
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No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing).
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(d)
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Abnormal lag in brake operation of any wheel.
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(e)
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Excessive fluctuation of brake force during each complete wheel revolution.
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Test on a static brake testing machine at the presented weight.
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(a)
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Does not give at least the minimum figure as follows:
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(b)
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Category M1, M2 and M3 – 50 % (1)
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(d)
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Category N2 and N3 – 43 % (2)
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(e)
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Category O2, O3 and O4 – 40 % (3)
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| 1.3. Secondary (emergency) braking performance and efficiency (if met by separate system)
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If the secondary braking system is separate from the service braking system, use the method specified in 1.2.1.
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(a)
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Inadequate braking effort on one or more wheels.
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(b)
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Braking effort from any wheel is less than 70 % of maximum effort recorded from another wheel on the same axle specified.
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(c)
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No gradual variation in brake effort (grabbing).
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If the secondary braking system is separate from the service braking system, use the method specified in 1.2.2.
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Braking effort less than 50 % (4) of the service brake performance defined in section 1.2.2 in relation to the maximum authorised mass or, in the case of semi-trailers, to the sum of the authorised axle loads.
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| 1.4. Parking braking performance and efficiency
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Apply the brake on a static brake testing machine.
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Brake inoperative on one or more wheels.
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Test on a static brake testing machine at the presented weight.
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Does not give at least for all vehicles a braking ratio of 16 % in relation to the maximum authorised mass, or, for motor vehicles, of 12 % in relation to the maximum authorised combination mass of the vehicle, whichever is the greater.
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1.5.
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Endurance braking system performance
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Visual inspection and, where possible test whether the system functions.
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(a)
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No gradual variation of efficiency (not applicable to exhaust brake systems).
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(b)
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System not functioning.
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1.6.
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Anti-lock braking system
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Visual inspection of warning device.
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(a)
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Warning device malfunctioning.
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(b)
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Warning device shows system malfunction.
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8. NUISANCE
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| 8.2. Exhaust emissions
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| 8.2.1 Petrol engine emissions
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8.2.1.1.
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Exhaust emission control equipment
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Visual inspection.
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(a)
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Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent or obviously defective.
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(b)
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Leaks which could significantly affect emission measurements.
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8.2.1.2.
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Gaseous emissions
(E)
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Measurement using an exhaust gas analyser in accordance with the requirements (7). Alternatively, for vehicles equipped with suitable on-board diagnostic systems, the proper functioning of the emission system can be checked by appropriate reading of the OBD device and checks on the proper functioning of the OBD system in place of emission measurements at engine idle in accordance with the manufacturer’s conditioning recommendations and other requirements (7) and taking account of appropriate tolerances.
Alternatively, measurement using remote sensing equipment and confirmed by standard test methods.
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(a)
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Either, gaseous emissions exceed the specific levels given by the manufacturer;
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(b)
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or, if this information is not available, the CO emissions exceed,
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1.
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for vehicles not controlled by an advanced emission control system,
according to the date of first registration or use specified in requirements (7)
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2.
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for vehicles controlled by an advanced emission control system,
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—
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at high idle: 0,3 %,
or
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—
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at engine idle: 0,3 % (5)
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according to the date of first registration or use specified in requirements (7).
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(c)
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Lambda outside the range 1 ± 0,03 or not in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.
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(d)
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OBD read out indicating significant malfunction.
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(e)
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Remote sensing measurement showing significant non-compliance.
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| 8.2.2 Diesel engine emissions
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8.2.2.1.
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Exhaust emission control equipment
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Visual inspection.
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(a)
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Emission control equipment fitted by the manufacturer absent or obviously defective.
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(b)
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Leaks which could significantly affect emission measurements.
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(a)
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Exhaust gas opacity to be measured during free acceleration (no load from idle up to cut-off speed) with gear lever in neutral and clutch engaged.
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(b)
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Vehicle preconditioning:
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1.
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Vehicles may be tested without preconditioning although for safety reasons checks should be made that the engine is warm and in a satisfactory mechanical condition.
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2.
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Precondition requirements:
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(i)
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Engine shall be fully warm, for instance the engine oil temperature measured by a probe in the oil level dipstick tube to be at least 80 °C, or normal operating temperature if lower, or the engine block temperature measured by the level of infrared radiation to be at least an equivalent temperature. If, owing to vehicle configuration, this measurement is impractical, the establishment of the engine’s normal operating temperature may be made by other means, for example by the operation of the engine cooling fan.
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(ii)
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Exhaust system shall be purged by at least three free acceleration cycles or by an equivalent method.
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(c)
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Test procedure:
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1.
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Engine and any turbocharger fitted, to be at idle before the start of each free acceleration cycle. For heavy-duty diesels, this means waiting for at least 10 seconds after the release of the throttle.
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2.
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To initiate each free acceleration cycle, the throttle pedal must be fully depressed quickly and continuously (in less than one second) but not violently, so as to obtain maximum delivery from the injection pump.
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3.
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During each free acceleration cycle, the engine shall reach cut-off speed or, for vehicles with automatic transmissions, the speed specified by the manufacturer or if this data is not available then two thirds of the cut-off speed, before the throttle is released. This could be checked, for instance, by monitoring engine speed or by allowing a sufficient time to elapse between initial throttle depression and release, which in the case of vehicles M2, M3, N2 or N3 should be at least two seconds.
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4.
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Vehicles shall only be failed if the arithmetic means of at least the last three free acceleration cycles are in excess of the limit value. This may be calculated by ignoring any measurement that departs significantly from the measured mean, or the result of any other statistical calculation that takes account of the scattering of the measurements. Member States may limit the number of test cycles.
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5.
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To avoid unnecessary testing, Member States may fail vehicles which have measured values significantly in excess of the limit values after less than three free acceleration cycles or after the purging cycles. Equally to avoid unnecessary testing, Member States may pass vehicles which have measured values significantly below the limits after less than three free acceleration cycles or after the purging cycles and taking account of appropriate tolerances.
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Alternatively, measurement using remote sensing equipment and confirmed by standard test methods.
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(a)
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For vehicles registered or put into service for the first time after the date specified in requirements (7),
opacity exceeds the level recorded on the manufacturer’s plate on the vehicle;
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(b)
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where this information is not available or requirements (7) do not allow the use of reference values,
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—
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for naturally aspirated engines: 2,5 m–1,
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—
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for turbo-charged engines: 3,0 m–1,
or, for vehicles identified in requirements (7) or first registered or put into service for the first time after the date specified in requirements (7),
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(c)
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Remote sensing measurement showing significant non-compliance.
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No longer in force, Date of end of validity: 19/05/2018; Repealed by 32014L0047