Biological agent

Classification

Notes

Actinomadura madurae

W

Actinomadura pelletieri

2

Actinomyces gerencseriae

2

Actinomyces israelii

2

Actinomyces spp.

2

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans)

2

Anaplasma spp.

2

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (Corynebacterium haenolyticum)

2

Arcobacter butzleri

2

Bacillus anthracis

3

T

Bacteroides fragilis

2

Bacteroides spp.

2

Bartonella bacilliformis

2

Bartonella quintana (Rochalimaea quintana)

2

Bartonella (Rochalimaea) spp.

2

Bordetella bronchiseptica

2

Bordetella parapertussis

2

Bordetella pertussis

2

T, V

Bordetella spp.

2

Borrelia burgdorferi

2

Borrelia duttonii

2

Borrelia recurrentis

2

Borrelia spp.

2

Brachyspira spp.

2

Brucella abortus

3

Brucella canis

3

Brucella inopinata

3

Brucella melitensis

3

Brucella suis

3

Burkholderia cepacia

2

Burkholderia mallei (Pseudomonas mallei)

3

Burkholderia pseudomallei (Pseudomonas pseudomallei)

3

D

Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

2

Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis

2

Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei

2

Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni

2

Campylobacter spp.

2

Cardiobacterium hominis

2

Cardiobacterium valvarum

2

Chlamydia abortus (Chlamydophila abortus)

2

Chlamydia caviae (Chlamydophila caviae)

2

Chlamydia felis (Chlamydophila felis)

2

Chlamydia pneumoniae (Chlamydophila pneumoniae)

2

Chlamydia psittaci (Chlamydophila psittaci) (avian strains)

3

Chlamydia psittaci (Chlamydophila psittaci) (other strains)

2

Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydophila trachomatis)

2

Clostridium botulinum

2

T

Clostridium difficile

2

T

Clostridium perfringens

2

T

Clostridium tetani

2

T, V

Clostridium spp.

2

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2

T, V

Corynebacterium minutissimum

2

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

2

T

Corynebacterium ulcerans

2

T

Corynebacterium spp.

2

Coxiella burnetii

3

Edwardsiella tarda

2

Ehrlichia spp.

2

Eikenella corrodens

2

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Flavobacterium meningosepticum)

2

Enterobacter aerogenes (Klebsiella mobilis)

2

Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae (Enterobacter cloacae)

2

Enterobacter spp.

2

Enterococcus spp.

2

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

2

Escherichia coli (with the exception of non-pathogenic strains)

2

Escherichia coli, verocytotoxigenic strains (e.g. O157:H7 or O103)

3 (*1)

T

Fluoribacter bozemanae (Legionella)

2

Francisella hispaniensis

2

Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica

2

Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica

2

Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida

2

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis

3

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme

2

Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum

2

Gardnerella vaginalis

2

Haemophilus ducreyi

2

Haemophilus influenzae

2

V

Haemophilus spp.

2

Helicobacter pylori

2

Helicobacter spp.

2

Klebsiella oxytoca

2

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae

2

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae

2

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis

2

Klebsiella spp.

2

Legionella pneumophila subsp. fraseri

2

Legionella pneumophila subsp. pascullei

2

Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila

2

Legionella spp.

2

Leptospira interrogans (all serovars)

2

Leptospira interrogans spp.

2

Listeria monocytogenes

2

Listeria ivanovii subsp. ivanovii

2

Listeria invanovii subsp. londoniensis

2

Morganella morganii subsp. morganii (Proteus morganii)

2

Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii

2

Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus

2

Mycobacterium africanum

3

V

Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Mycobacterium avium)

2

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis)

2

Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum

2

Mycobacterium bovis

3

V

Mycobacterium caprae (Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae)

3

Mycobacterium chelonae

2

Mycobacterium chimaera

2

Mycobacterium fortuitum

2

Mycobacterium intracellulare

2

Mycobacterium kansasii

2

Mycobacterium leprae

3

Mycobacterium malmoense

2

Mycobacterium marinum

2

Mycobacterium microti

3 (*1)

Mycobacterium pinnipedii

3

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

2

Mycobacterium simiae

2

Mycobacterium szulgai

2

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

3

V

Mycobacterium ulcerans

3 (*1)

Mycobacterium xenopi

2

Mycoplasma hominis

2

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

2

Mycoplasma spp.

2

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2

Neisseria meningitidis

2

V

Neorickettsia sennetsu (Rickettsia sennetsu, Ehrlichia sennetsu)

2

Nocardia asteroides

2

Nocardia brasiliensis

2

Nocardia farcinica

2

Nocardia nova

2

Nocardia otitidiscaviarum

2

Nocardia spp.

2

Orientia tsutsugamushi (Rickettsia tsutsugamushi)

3

Pasteurella multocida subsp. gallicida (Pasteurella gallicida)

2

Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida

2

Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica

2

Pasteurella spp.

2

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

2

Plesiomonas shigelloides

2

Porphyromonas spp.

2

Prevotella spp.

2

Proteus mirabilis

2

Proteus penneri

2

Proteus vulgaris

2

Providencia alcalifaciens (Proteus inconstans)

2

Providencia rettgeri (Proteus rettgeri)

2

Providencia spp.

2

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2

T

Rhodococcus hoagii (Corynebacterium equii)

2

Rickettsia africae

3

Rickettsia akari

3 (*1)

Rickettsia australis

3

Rickettsia canadensis

2

Rickettsia conorii

3

Rickettsia heilongjiangensis

3 (*1)

Rickettsia japonica

3

Rickettsia montanensis

2

Rickettsia typhi

3

Rickettsia prowazekii

3

Rickettsia rickettsii

3

Rickettsia sibirica

3

Rickettsia spp.

2

Salmonella enterica (choleraesuis) subsp. arizonae

2

Salmonella Enteritidis

2

Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, C

2

V

Salmonella Typhi

3 (*1)

V

Salmonella Typhimurium

2

Salmonella (other serovars)

2

Shigella boydii

2

Shigella dysenteriae (Type 1)

3 (*1)

T

Shigella dysenteriae, other than Type 1

2

Shigella flexneri

2

Shigella sonnei

2

Staphylococcus aureus

2

T

Streptobacillus moniliformis

2

Streptococcus agalactiae

2

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

2

Streptococcus pneumoniae

2

T, V

Streptococcus pyogenes

2

T

Streptococcus suis

2

Streptococcus spp.

2

Treponema carateum

2

Treponema pallidum

2

Treponema pertenue

2

Treponema spp.

2

Trueperella pyogenes

2

Ureaplasma parvum

2

Ureaplasma urealyticum

2

Vibrio cholerae (including El Tor)

2

T, V

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Benecka parahaemolytica)

2

Vibrio spp.

2

Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterolitica

2

Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica

2

Yersinia pestis

3

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

2

Yersinia spp.

2

(*1)   See paragraph 8 of the introductory notes.

Biological agent

(virus species or indicated taxonomy order)

Classification

Notes

Bunyavirales (O)

Hantaviridae (F)

Orthohantavirus (G)

Andes orthohantavirus (Hantavirus species causing Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome [HPS])

3

Bayou orthohantavirus

3

Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus

3

Cano Delgadito orthohantavirus

3

Choclo orthohantavirus

3

Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus (Hantavirus species causing Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome [HFRS])

3

El Moro Canyon orthohantavirus

3

Hantaan orthohantavirus (Hantavirus species causing Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome [HFRS])

3

Laguna Negra orthohantavirus

3

Prospect Hill orthohantavirus

2

Puumala orthohantavirus (Hantavirus species causing Nephropathia Epidemica [NE])

2

Seoul orthohantavirus (Hantavirus species causing Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome [HFRS])

3

Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (Hantavirus species causing Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome [HPS])

3

Other hantaviruses known to be pathogenic

2

Nairoviridae (F)

Orthonairovirus (G)

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus

4

Dugbe orthonairovirus

2

Hazara orthonairovirus

2

Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus

2

Other nairoviruses known to be pathogenic

2

Peribunyaviridae (F)

Orthobunyavirus (G)

Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus (Germiston virus)

2

California encephalitis orthobunyavirus

2

Oropouche orthobunyavirus

3

Other orthobunyaviruses known to be pathogenic

2

Phenuiviridae (F)

Phlebovirus (G)

Bhanja phlebovirus

2

Punta Toro phlebovirus

2

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus

3

Sandfly fever Naples phlebovirus (Toscana Virus)

2

SFTS phlebovirus (Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome-Virus)

3

Other phleboviruses known to be pathogenic

2

Herpesvirales (O)

Herpesviridae (F)

Cytomegalovirus (G)

Human betaherpesvirus 5 (Cytomegalovirus)

2

Lymphocryptovirus (G)

Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus)

2

Rhadinoovirus (G)

Human gammaherpesvirus 8

2

D

Roseolovirus (G)

Human betaherpesvirus 6A (Human B-lymphotropic virus)

2

Human betaherpesvirus 6B

2

Human betaherpesvirus 7

2

Simplexvirus (G)

Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpesvirus simiae, Herpes B virus)

3

Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Human herpesvirus 1, Herpes simplex virus type 1)

2

Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (Human herpesvirus 2, Herpes simplex virus type 2)

2

Varicellovirus (G)

Human alphaherpesvirus 3 (Herpesvirus varicella-zoster)

2

V

Mononegavirales (O)

Filoviridae (F)

Ebolavirus (G)

4

Marburgvirus (G)

Marburg marburgvirus

4

Paramyxoviridae (F)

Avulavirus (G)

Newcastle disease virus

2

Henipavirus (G)

Hendra henipavirus

4

Nipah henipavirus

4

Morbillivirus (G)

Measles morbillivirus

2

V

Respirovirus (G)

Human respirovirus 1 (Parainfluenza virus 1)

2

Human respirovirus 3 (Parainfluenza virus 3)

2

Rubulavirus (G)

Mumps rubulavirus

2

V

Human rubulavirus 2 (Parainfluenza virus 2)

2

Human rubulavirus 4 (Parainfluenza virus 4)

2

Pneumoviridae (F)

Metapneumovirus (G)

Orthopneumovirus (G)

Human orthopneumovirus (Respiratory syncytial virus)

2

Rhabdoviridae (F)

Lyssavirus (G)

Australian bat lyssavirus

3 (*2)

V

Duvenhage lyssavirus

3 (*2)

V

European bat lyssavirus 1

3 (*2)

V

European bat lyssavirus 2

3 (*2)

V

Lagos bat lyssavirus

3 (*2)

Mokola lyssavirus

3

Rabies lyssavirus

3 (*2)

V

Vesiculovirus (G)

Vesicular stomatitis virus, Alagoas vesiculovirus

2

Vesicular stomatitis virus, Indiana vesiculovirus

2

Vesicular stomatitis virus, New Jersey vesiculovirus

2

Piry vesiculovirus (Piry virus)

2

Nidovirales (O)

Coronaviridae (F)

Betacoronavirus (G)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-virus)

3

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-virus)

3

Other Coronaviridae known to be pathogenic

2

Picornavirales (O)

Picornaviridae (F)

Cardiovirus (G)

Saffold virus

2

Cosavirus (G)

Cosavirus A

2

Enterovirus (G)

Enterovirus A

2

Enterovirus B

2

Enterovirus C

2

Enterovirus D, Human Enterovirus type 70 (Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus)

2

Rhinoviruses

2

Poliovirus, type 1 and 3

2

V

Poliovirus, type 2 (1)

3

V

Hepatovirus (G)

Hepatovirus A (Hepatitis A virus, Human Enterovirus type 72)

2

V

Kobuvirus (G)

Aichivirus A (Aichi virus 1)

2

Parechovirus (G)

Parechoviruses A

2

Parechoviruses B (Ljungan virus)

2

Other Picornaviridae known to be pathogenic

2

Unassigned (O)

Adenoviridae (F)

2

Astroviridae (F)

2

Arenaviridae (F)

Mammarenavirus (G)

Brazilian mammarenavirus

4

Chapare mammarenavirus

4

Flexal mammarenavirus

3

Guanarito mammarenavirus

4

Junín mammarenavirus

4

Lassa mammarenavirus

4

Lujo mammarenavirus

4

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus, neurotropic strains

2

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus (other strains)

2

Machupo mammarenavirus

4

Mobala mammarenavirus

2

Mopeia mammarenavirus

2

Tacaribe mammarenavirus

2

Whitewater Arroyo mammarenavirus

3

Caliciviridae (F)

Norovirus (G)

Norovirus (Norwalk virus)

2

Other Caliciviridae known to be pathogenic

2

Hepadnaviridae (F)

Orthohepadnavirus (G)

Hepatitis B virus

3 (*2)

V, D

Hepeviridae (F)

Orthohepevirus (G)

Orthohepevirus A (Hepatitis E virus)

2

Flaviviridae (F)

Flavivirus (G)

Dengue virus

3

Japanese encephalitis virus

3

V

Kyasanur Forest disease virus

3

V

Louping ill virus

3 (*2)

Murray Valley encephalitis virus (Australia encephalitis virus)

3

Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus

3

Powassan virus

3

Rocio virus

3

St. Louis encephalitis virus

3

Tick-borne encephalitis virus

Absettarov virus

3

Hanzalova virus

3

Hypr virus

3

Kumlinge virus

3

Negishi virus

3

Russian spring-summer encephalitis ()

3

V

Tick-borne encephalitis virus Central European subtype

3 (*2)

V

Tick-borne encephalitis virus Far Eastern Subtype

3

Tick-borne encephalitis virus Siberian subtype

3

V

Wesselsbron virus

3 (*2)

West Nile fever virus

3

Yellow fever virus

3

V

Zika virus

2

Other flaviviruses known to be pathogenic

2

Hepacivirus (G)

Hepacivirus C (Hepatitis C virus)

3 (*2)

D

Orthomyxoviridae (F)

Gammainfluenzavirus (G)

Influenza C virus

2

V ()

Influenzavirus A (G)

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses HPAIV (H5), e.g. H5N1

3

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses HPAIV (H7), e.g. H7N7, H7N9

3

Influenza A virus

2

V ()

Influenza A virus A/New York/1/18 (H1N1) (Spanish flu 1918)

3

Influenza A virus A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2)

3

Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (LPAI) H7N9

3

Influenzavirus B (G)

Influenza B virus

2

V ()

Thogoto virus (G)

Dhori virus (Tick-borne orthomyxoviridae: Dhori)

2

Thogoto virus (Tick-borne orthomyxoviridae: Thogoto)

2

Papillomaviridae (F)

2

D ()

Parvoviridae (F)

Erythroparvovirus (G)

Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (Human parvovirus, B 19 virus)

2

Polyomaviridae (F)

Betapolyomavirus (G)

Human polyomavirus 1 (BK virus)

2

D ()

Human polyomavirus 2 (JC virus)

2

D ()

Poxviridae (F)

Molluscipoxvirus (G)

Molluscum contagiosum virus

2

Orthopoxvirus (G)

Cowpox virus

2

Monkeypox virus

3

V

Vaccinia virus (incl. Buffalopox virus (), Elephantpox virus (), Rabbitpox virus ())

2

Variola (major and minor) virus

4

V

Parapoxvirus (G)

Orf virus

2

Pseudocowpox virus (Milkers’ node virus, parapoxvirus bovis)

2

Yatapoxvirus (G)

Tanapox virus

2

Yaba monkey tumor virus

2

Reoviridae (F)

Seadornavirus (G)

Banna virus

2

Coltivirus (G)

2

Rotaviruses (G)

2

Orbivirus (G)

2

Retroviridae (F)

Deltaretrovirus (G)

Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1 (Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type 1)

3 (*2)

D

Primate T-lymphotropic virus 2 (Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type 2)

3 (*2)

D

Lentivirus (G)

Human immunodeficiency virus 1

3 (*2)

D

Human immunodeficiency virus 2

3 (*2)

D

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) ()

2

Togaviridae (F)

Alphavirus (G)

Cabassouvirus

3

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus

3

V

Bebaru virus

2

Chikungunya virus

3 (*2)

Everglades virus

3 (*2)

Mayaro virus

3

Mucambo virus

3 (*2)

Ndumu virus

3 (*2)

O’nyong-nyong virus

2

Ross River virus

2

Semliki Forest virus

2

Sindbis virus

2

Tonate virus

3 (*2)

Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus

3

V

Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

3

V

Other alphaviruses known to be pathogenic

2

Rubivirus (G)

Rubella virus

2

V

Unassigned (F)

Deltavirus (G)

Hepatitis delta virus ()

2

V, D

(*1)   See paragraph 7 of the introductory notes.

(1)   Classification according to WHO Global Action Plan to minimize poliovirus facility-associated risk after type-specific eradication of wild polioviruses and sequential cessation of oral polio vaccine use.

(*2)   See paragraph 8 of the introductory notes.

(2)   Tick-borne encephalitis.

(3)   Hepatitis delta virus is pathogenic in workers only in the presence of simultaneous or secondary infection caused by hepatitis B virus. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus will therefore protect workers who are not affected by hepatitis B virus against hepatitis delta virus.

(4)   Only for types A and B.

(5)   Recommended for work involving direct contact with these agents.

(6)   Two viruses are identified: one a buffalopox type and the other a variant of the Vaccinia virus.

(7)   Variant of cowpox virus.

(8)   Variant of Vaccinia.

(9)   At present there is no evidence of disease in humans caused by the other retroviruses of simian origin. As a precaution containment level 3 is recommended for work with them.

Biological agent

Classification

Notes

Agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

3 (*1)

D ()

Variant Agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

3 (*1)

D ()

Agent of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and other related animal TSEs

3 (*1)

D ()

Agent of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome

3 (*1)

D ()

Agent of Kuru

3 (*1)

D ()

Agent of Scrapie

2

(*1)   See paragraph 8 of the introductory notes.

(1)   Recommended for work involving direct contact with these agents.

Biological agent

Classification

Notes

Acanthamoeba castellani

2

Ancylostoma duodenale

2

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

2

Angiostrongylus costaricensis

2

Anisakis simplex

2

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

2

A

Ascaris suum

2

A

Babesia divergens

2

Babesia microti

2

Balamuthia mandrillaris

3

Balantidium coli

2

Brugia malayi

2

Brugia pahangi

2

Brugia timori

2

Capillaria philippinensis

2

Capillaria spp.

2

Clonorchis sinensis (Opisthorchis sinensis)

2

Clonorchis viverrini (Opisthirchis viverrini)

2

Cryptosporidium hominis

2

Cryptosporidium parvum

2

Cyclospora cayetanensis

2

Dicrocoelium dentriticum

2

Dipetalonema streptocerca

2

Diphyllobothrium latum

2

Dracunculus medinensis

2

Echinococcus granulosus

3 (*1)

Echinococcus multilocularis

3 (*1)

Echinococcus oligarthrus

3 (*1)

Echinococcus vogeli

3 (*1)

Entamoeba histolytica

2

Enterobius vermicularis

2

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

2

Fasciola gigantica

2

Fasciola hepatica

2

Fasciolopsis buski

2

Giardia lamblia (Giardia duodenalis, Giardia intestinalis)

2

Heterophyes spp.

2

Hymenolepis diminuta

2

Hymenolepis nana

2

Leishmania aethiopica

2

Leishmania braziliensis

3 (*1)

Leishmania donovani

3 (*1)

Leishmania guyanensis (Viannia guyanensis)

3 (*1)

Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi)

3 (*1)

Leishmania major

2

Leishmania mexicana

2

Leishmania panamensis (Viannia panamensis)

3 (*1)

Leishmania peruviana

2

Leishmania tropica

2

Leishmania spp.

2

Loa loa

2

Mansonella ozzardi

2

Mansonella perstans

2

Mansonella streptocerca

2

Metagonimus spp.

2

Naegleria fowleri

3

Necator americanus

2

Onchocerca volvulus

2

Opisthorchis felineus

2

Opisthorchis spp.

2

Paragonimus westermani

2

Paragonimus spp.

2

Plasmodium falciparum

3 (*1)

Plasmodium knowlesi

3 (*1)

Plasmodium spp. (human and simian)

2

Sarcocystis suihominis

2

Schistosoma haematobium

2

Schistosoma intercalatum

2

Schistosoma japonicum

2

Schistosoma mansoni

2

Schistosoma mekongi

2

Strongyloides stercoralis

2

Strongyloides spp.

2

Taenia saginata

2

Taenia solium

3 (*1)

Toxocara canis

2

Toxocara cati

2

Toxoplasma gondii

2

Trichinella nativa

2

Trichinella nelsoni

2

Trichinella pseudospiralis

2

Trichinella spiralis

2

Trichomonas vaginalis

2

Trichostrongylus orientalis

2

Trichostrongylus spp.

2

Trichuris trichiura

2

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

2

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

2

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

3 (*1)

Trypanosoma cruzi

3 (*1)

Wuchereria bancrofti

2

(*1)   See paragraph 8 of the introductory notes.

Biological agent

Classification

Notes

Aspergillus flavus

2

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

2

A

Aspergillus spp.

2

Blastomyces dermatitidis (Ajellomyces dermatitidis)

3

Blastomyces gilchristii

3

Candida albicans

2

A

Candida dubliniensis

2

Candida glabrata

2

Candida parapsilosis

2

Candida tropicalis

2

Cladophialophora bantiana (Xylohypha bantiana, Cladosporium bantianum, trichoides)

3

Cladophialophora modesta

3

Cladophialophora spp.

2

Coccidioides immitis

3

A

Coccidioides posadasii

3

A

Cryptococcus gattii (Filobasidiella neoformans var. bacillispora)

2

A

Cryptococcus neoformans (Filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans)

2

A

Emmonsia parva var. parva

2

Emmonsia parva var. crescens

2

Epidermophyton floccosum

2

A

Epidermophyton spp.

2

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

2

Histoplasma capsulatum

3

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

3

Histoplasma duboisii

3

Madurella grisea

2

Madurella mycetomatis

2

Microsporum spp.

2

A

Nannizzia spp.

2

Neotestudina rosatii

2

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

3

A

Paracoccidioides lutzii

3

Paraphyton spp.

2

Rhinocladiella mackenziei

3

Scedosporium apiospermum

2

Scedosporium prolificans (inflatum)

2

Sporothrix schenckii

2

Talaromyces marneffei (Penicillium marneffei)

2

A

Trichophyton rubrum

2

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

2

A

Trichophyton spp.

2’

A. Containment measures

B. Containment levels

2

3

4

Workplace

1. The workplace is to be separated from any other activities in the same building

No

Recommended

Yes

2. The workplace is to be sealable to permit fumigation

No

Recommended

Yes

Facilities

3. Infected material including any animal is to be handled in a safety cabinet or isolation or other suitable containment

Where appropriate

Yes, where infection is by airborne route

Yes

Equipment

4. Input air and extract air to the workplace are to be filtered using (HEPA (1)) or likewise

No

Yes, on extract air

Yes, on input and extract air

5. The workplace is to be maintained at an air pressure negative to atmosphere

No

Recommended

Yes

6. Surfaces impervious to water and easy to clean

Yes, for bench and floor

Yes, for bench, floor and other surfaces determined by risk assessment

Yes, for bench, walls, floor and ceiling

7. Surfaces resistant to acids, alkalis, solvents, disinfectants

Recommended

Yes

Yes

System of work

8. Access is to be restricted to nominated workers only

Recommended

Yes

Yes, via airlock (2)

9. Efficient vector control, for example rodents and insects

Recommended

Yes

Yes

10. Specified disinfection procedures

Yes

Yes

Yes

11. Safe storage of a biological agent

Yes

Yes

Yes, secure storage

12. Personnel should shower before leaving the contained area

No

Recommended

Recommended

Waste

13. Validated inactivation process for the safe disposal of animal carcases

Recommended

Yes, on or off site

Yes, on site

Other measures

14. A laboratory is to contain its own equipment

No

Recommended

Yes

15. An observation window, or, alternative, is to be present, so that occupants can be seen

Recommended

Recommended

Yes’

(1)   HEPA: High efficiency particulate air

(2)   Airlock: Entry must be through an airlock which is a chamber isolated from the laboratory. The clean side of the airlock must be separated from the restricted side by changing or showering facilities and preferably by interlocking doors.

A. Containment measures

B. Containment levels

2

3

4

General

1. Viable organisms should be handled in a system which physically separates the process from the environment

Yes

Yes

Yes

2. Exhaust gases from the closed system should be treated so as to:

Minimise release

Prevent release

Prevent release

3. Sample collection, addition of materials to a closed system and transfer of viable organisms to another closed system, should be performed so as to:

Minimise release

Prevent release

Prevent release

4. Bulk culture fluids should not be removed from the closed system unless the viable organisms have been:

Inactivated by validated chemical or physical means

Inactivated by validated chemical or physical means

Inactivated by validated chemical or physical means

5. Seals should be designed so as to:

Minimise release

Prevent release

Prevent release

6. The controlled area should be designed to contain spillage of the entire contents of the closed system

No

Recommended

Yes

7. The controlled area should be sealable to permit fumigation

No

Recommended

Yes

Facilities

8. Decontamination and washing facilities should be provided for personnel

Yes

Yes

Yes

Equipment

9. Input air and extract air to the controlled area should be HEPA (1) filtered

No

Recommended

Yes

10. The controlled area should be maintained at an air pressure negative to atmosphere

No

Recommended

Yes

11. The controlled area should be adequately ventilated to minimise air contamination

Recommended

Recommended

Yes

System of work

12. Closed systems (2) should be located within a controlled area

Recommended

Recommended

Yes, and purpose-built

13. Biohazard signs should be posted

Recommended

Yes

Yes

14. Access should be restricted to nominated personnel only

Recommended

Yes

Yes, via an airlock (3)

15. Personnel should shower before leaving the controlled area

No

Recommended

Yes

16. Personnel should wear protective clothing

Yes, work clothing

Yes

Yes, complete change

Waste

17. Effluent from sinks and showers should be collected and inactivated before release

No

Recommended

Yes

18. Effluent treatment before final discharge

Inactivated by validated chemical or physical means

Inactivated by validated chemical or physical means

Inactivated by validated chemical or physical means’

(1)   HEPA: High efficiency particulate air

(2)   Closed system: A system that physically separates the process from the environment (e.g. incubator vats, tanks, etc.).

(3)   Airlock: Entry must be through an airlock which is a chamber isolated from the laboratory. The clean side of the airlock must be separated from the restricted side by changing or showering facilities and preferably by interlocking doors.