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Judicial systems in Member States – Specialised courts
In several Member States there are specialised courts, which deal with specific matters. Often such courts deal with disputes concerning administrative issues or in some cases with...
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Information on Member States Law
Each Member State of the European Union (EU) has its own law and legal system. Member State (MS) law can comprise both law at the national level (or national law, which is valid anywhere...
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European Case Law Identifier (ECLI)
The European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) has been developed to facilitate the correct and unequivocal citation of judgments from European and national courts. A set of uniform metadata...
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Small claims procedure at the EU and Member States' level
The European Small Claims procedure is designed to simplify and speed up cross-border claims of up to €2000. The European Small Claims Procedure is available to litigants as an...
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Mediation in Member States
Mediation is at varying stages of development in Member States. There are some Member States with comprehensive legislation or procedural rules on mediation. In others, legislative bodies...
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Procedural time limits – general information
When you are involved in a civil dispute and think you may have to litigate, you must be aware that there is certain deadline for taking action. All modern legal systems including those...
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Judicial systems in Member States
The Member State judicial systems are very diverse, reflecting differences in national judicial traditions. Below you will find general information on judicial systems in Member States –...
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Information on judicial systems in Member States – ordinary courts
Ordinary courts are the core of the judicial systems in the Member States. They deal with a major part of judicial proceedings. Their scope of jurisdiction varies considerably. You can...
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Statutory interests in the Member States
Unione europea
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Procedures for enforcing a judgment
When a Court is involved in solving a dispute, there are two steps that must be ensured at the end of the process. First, the Court must hand down a judgment and then the judgment needs...
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Information on Member States' rules on law of evidence
Taking of evidence. If you initiate legal proceedings, it is usually crucial to present evidence to the court in order to prove your claim. Taking of evidence in civil proceedings is not...
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Information concerning jurisdiction issues in cross-border cases
Unione europea
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Information on the exchange of extracts from the criminal records between different Member States
Criminal records: in order to improve security of citizens within the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice concrete steps enabling an efficient exchange of information on...
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