1.   This Regulation sets out the guiding principles and criteria for defining the procedures for verifying that the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values recorded in the customer information files correspond to the CO2 emissions from, and the fuel consumption of, heavy-duty vehicles in-service. It also sets out the procedures for verifying the presence of any strategies on board or relating to the vehicles that artificially improve the vehicle’s performance in the tests performed or in the calculations made for the purpose of determining the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption (‘in-service verification’).

2.   This Regulation does not apply to zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles as defined in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1242.

1.   Each granting approval authority shall, for each reporting period, select a sample of vehicles for those manufacturers to which it has granted a licence to operate the simulation tool in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 (3) and its implementing measures, in particular Articles 6 and 7 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

For each reporting period and for each manufacturer, as a minimum, all in-service verification tests referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 4 need to be carried out an appropriate number of times based on the average over the three reporting periods preceding the in-service verification of the total number of vehicles of a given manufacturer determined under Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400, or Article 8 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1362 (4).

2.   Where a manufacturer is responsible for less than 100 new vehicles registered in the Union in the reporting period of the year two years before the reporting period of the year in which the vehicles are selected according to paragraph 1, the granting approval authority may decide not to perform in-service verifications tests for that manufacturer.

1.   The granting approval authority shall, for the purpose of the tests referred to in paragraph 2, select vehicles in-service which are in a state representative of a vehicle properly maintained and used and have characteristics covered by those recorded in the customer information file or in the certificate of conformity.

2.   The granting approval authority shall verify that the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values recorded in the customer information file of vehicles selected in accordance with paragraph 1 correspond to the CO2 emissions from, and fuel consumption of, vehicles in-service and whether artificial strategies are present, by means of any of the following tests:

3.   The granting approval authority shall entrust the tests referred to in paragraph 2 to a technical service that did not perform, for the vehicles concerned, the same type of tests for the purpose of the certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption-related properties of components, separate technical units and systems as set out in Regulation (EU) 2017/2400.

4.   The granting approval authority shall evaluate the test results of the individual tests and establish whether the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values of vehicles in-service are higher than the emissions of CO2 and fuel consumption values recorded in the customer information files, taking into account the statistical evaluation of the tests referred to in paragraph 2(a), (b), (c) and (d), and whether artificial strategies are present.

5.   Each manufacturer shall on request provide the granting approval authority and any entity performing in-service verification tests with all information, documentation and technical specifications or support that is needed for adequately performing the in-service verification.

1.   The granting approval authority shall ensure that the tests performed in accordance with Article 4 are documented, and that the test reports are made available to the Commission, to the manufacturer of the vehicles concerned and, on request, to other approval authorities, market surveillance authorities and third parties complying with the requirements of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/163 (6).

2.   The granting approval authority shall, within 10 months after starting a test, come to a conclusion on whether or not the in-service verification has identified a lack of correspondence between the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values of the in-service vehicles and the values recorded in the customer information files, or the presence of artificial strategies.

3.   A conclusion by the granting approval authority in accordance with paragraph 2 shall apply to all vehicles concerned that have first entered into service in the Union.