Dirección General de Justicia y Consumidores
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Judicial systems in Member States – Specialised courts
In several Member States there are specialised courts, which deal with specific matters. Often such courts deal with disputes concerning administrative issues or in some cases with...
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European Case Law Identifier (ECLI)
The European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) has been developed to facilitate the correct and unequivocal citation of judgments from European and national courts. A set of uniform metadata...
HTML (1187 presentación) (1070 Descargas)
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Small claims procedure at the EU and Member States' level
The European Small Claims procedure is designed to simplify and speed up cross-border claims of up to €2000. The European Small Claims Procedure is available to litigants as an...
HTML (779 presentación) (677 Descargas)
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Cross-border family mediation
Mediation can be particularly helpful in cross-border family disputes and parental child abduction cases. The term ‘family matters’ covers a broad range of disputes, from purely private...
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Mediation in Member States
Mediation is at varying stages of development in Member States. There are some Member States with comprehensive legislation or procedural rules on mediation. In others, legislative bodies...
HTML (538 presentación) (471 Descargas)
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Procedural time limits – general information
When you are involved in a civil dispute and think you may have to litigate, you must be aware that there is certain deadline for taking action. All modern legal systems including those...
HTML (860 presentación) (786 Descargas)
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Judicial systems in Member States
The Member State judicial systems are very diverse, reflecting differences in national judicial traditions. Below you will find general information on judicial systems in Member States –...
HTML (641 presentación) (552 Descargas)
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Information on judicial systems in Member States – ordinary courts
Ordinary courts are the core of the judicial systems in the Member States. They deal with a major part of judicial proceedings. Their scope of jurisdiction varies considerably. You can...
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Costs of legal proceedings at EU and Member States' level
Costs of proceedings: the European Union (EU) has granted a number of rights to its citizens such as the freedom of movement within its borders. These rights have changed the lives of...
HTML (455 presentación) (395 Descargas)
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Statutory interests in the Member States
Unión Europea
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Procedures for enforcing a judgment
When a Court is involved in solving a dispute, there are two steps that must be ensured at the end of the process. First, the Court must hand down a judgment and then the judgment needs...
HTML (608 presentación) (527 Descargas)
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The order for payment procedures at EU and Member States' level
The European Payment Order is a simplified procedure for cross-border monetary claims which are uncontested by the defendant, based on standard forms. Standard forms have been drawn up...
HTML (319 presentación) (269 Descargas)
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Information on the small claims procedure
The European Small Claims procedure is designed to simplify and speed up cross-border claims of up to €2000. The European Small Claims Procedure is available to litigants as an...
HTML (636 presentación) (538 Descargas)
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Information on Member States' rules on law of evidence
Taking of evidence. If you initiate legal proceedings, it is usually crucial to present evidence to the court in order to prove your claim. Taking of evidence in civil proceedings is not...
HTML (397 presentación) (324 Descargas)
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Automatic processing – civil judical proceedings
Modern information technology has rapidly and substantially changed our everyday life. Civil judicial proceedings must react accordingly to face the challenges this brings to provide a...
HTML (436 presentación) (390 Descargas)
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Information on rules applicable to the service of documents
If you become involved in legal proceedings, you will have to transmit various documents to the other party to the dispute and you will receive others in return. To do so, it may be...
HTML (395 presentación) (330 Descargas)
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Information concerning jurisdiction issues in cross-border cases
Unión Europea
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Interim and precautionary measures
It may be that you want measures to be taken quickly in a Member State other than where your main case is pending without waiting for a final judgment to be given. It could be that you...
HTML (335 presentación) (269 Descargas)
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Information on the exchange of extracts from the criminal records between different Member States
Criminal records: in order to improve security of citizens within the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice concrete steps enabling an efficient exchange of information on...
HTML (374 presentación) (342 Descargas)