Dirección General de Justicia y Consumidores
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Judicial systems in Member States – Specialised courts
In several Member States there are specialised courts, which deal with specific matters. Often such courts deal with disputes concerning administrative issues or in some cases with...
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European Case Law Identifier (ECLI)
The European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) has been developed to facilitate the correct and unequivocal citation of judgments from European and national courts. A set of uniform metadata...
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Procedural time limits – general information
When you are involved in a civil dispute and think you may have to litigate, you must be aware that there is certain deadline for taking action. All modern legal systems including those...
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Judicial systems in Member States
The Member State judicial systems are very diverse, reflecting differences in national judicial traditions. Below you will find general information on judicial systems in Member States –...
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Information on judicial systems in Member States – ordinary courts
Ordinary courts are the core of the judicial systems in the Member States. They deal with a major part of judicial proceedings. Their scope of jurisdiction varies considerably. You can...
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Information on Member States' rules on law of evidence
Taking of evidence. If you initiate legal proceedings, it is usually crucial to present evidence to the court in order to prove your claim. Taking of evidence in civil proceedings is not...
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