Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers
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Judicial systems in Member States – Specialised courts
In several Member States there are specialised courts, which deal with specific matters. Often such courts deal with disputes concerning administrative issues or in some cases with...
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European Case Law Identifier (ECLI)
The European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) has been developed to facilitate the correct and unequivocal citation of judgments from European and national courts. A set of uniform metadata...
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Information on judicial systems in Member States – ordinary courts
Ordinary courts are the core of the judicial systems in the Member States. They deal with a major part of judicial proceedings. Their scope of jurisdiction varies considerably. You can...
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Procedures for enforcing a judgment
When a Court is involved in solving a dispute, there are two steps that must be ensured at the end of the process. First, the Court must hand down a judgment and then the judgment needs...
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Information on Member States' rules on law of evidence
Taking of evidence. If you initiate legal proceedings, it is usually crucial to present evidence to the court in order to prove your claim. Taking of evidence in civil proceedings is not...
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Interim and precautionary measures
It may be that you want measures to be taken quickly in a Member State other than where your main case is pending without waiting for a final judgment to be given. It could be that you...
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