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Rights of defendants in criminal proceedings
If you are suspected or accused of a criminal offence, these factsheets take you through the criminal process and the various steps involved. They explain your rights and obligations at...
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Judicial systems in Member States – Specialised courts
In several Member States there are specialised courts, which deal with specific matters. Often such courts deal with disputes concerning administrative issues or in some cases with...
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EU Member States legal systems and law - overview
Европейски съюз
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Information on legal rules concerning maintenance claims
Европейски съюз
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European Case Law Identifier (ECLI)
The European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) has been developed to facilitate the correct and unequivocal citation of judgments from European and national courts. A set of uniform metadata...
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Small claims procedure at the EU and Member States' level
The European Small Claims procedure is designed to simplify and speed up cross-border claims of up to €2000. The European Small Claims Procedure is available to litigants as an...
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Cross-border family mediation
Mediation can be particularly helpful in cross-border family disputes and parental child abduction cases. The term ‘family matters’ covers a broad range of disputes, from purely private...
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Mediation in Member States
Mediation is at varying stages of development in Member States. There are some Member States with comprehensive legislation or procedural rules on mediation. In others, legislative bodies...
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Procedural time limits – general information
When you are involved in a civil dispute and think you may have to litigate, you must be aware that there is certain deadline for taking action. All modern legal systems including those...
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Judicial systems in Member States
The Member State judicial systems are very diverse, reflecting differences in national judicial traditions. Below you will find general information on judicial systems in Member States –...
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Information on judicial systems in Member States – ordinary courts
Ordinary courts are the core of the judicial systems in the Member States. They deal with a major part of judicial proceedings. Their scope of jurisdiction varies considerably. You can...
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Statutory interests in the Member States
Европейски съюз
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Procedures for enforcing a judgment
When a Court is involved in solving a dispute, there are two steps that must be ensured at the end of the process. First, the Court must hand down a judgment and then the judgment needs...
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The order for payment procedures at EU and Member States' level
The European Payment Order is a simplified procedure for cross-border monetary claims which are uncontested by the defendant, based on standard forms. Standard forms have been drawn up...
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Information on the small claims procedure
The European Small Claims procedure is designed to simplify and speed up cross-border claims of up to €2000. The European Small Claims Procedure is available to litigants as an...
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Information on legal rules concerning parental responsibility
Divorce: When a married couple decide to separate permanently, one of the spouses, or both together, will generally institute divorce proceedings.
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Information on Member States' rules on law of evidence
Taking of evidence. If you initiate legal proceedings, it is usually crucial to present evidence to the court in order to prove your claim. Taking of evidence in civil proceedings is not...
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Succession
National rules on inheritance vary considerably between Member States (as to, for example, who inherits, what the portions and reserved shares are, how wide the testamentary freedom is,...
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Automatic processing – civil judical proceedings
Modern information technology has rapidly and substantially changed our everyday life. Civil judicial proceedings must react accordingly to face the challenges this brings to provide a...
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Information on rules applicable to the service of documents
If you become involved in legal proceedings, you will have to transmit various documents to the other party to the dispute and you will receive others in return. To do so, it may be...
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